This brief reports on eligibility among rural primary care providers for the Primary Care Incentive Payments established in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Using the National Provider Identifier files and the lists of providers eligible to receive the payments, we found that the number and proportion of providers eligible increased during 2011–2013 and that for most practice types, rural providers were more likely to be eligible than urban counterparts. However, rural family practice physicians were less likely to be eligible for Primary Care Incentive Payments than their urban counterparts. Read more here.